Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem The Biosafety Results of Field Tests of Genetically Modified Plants and Microorganisms
نویسنده
چکیده
In the USA, cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is often sympatric with wild H. annuus, which is an agricultural weed that grows along roadsides and in other disturbed sites. We found that crop-to-wild gene flow was common (~5-40% hybrids) when wild plants occurred within <1,000 m of the crop, and crop-specific genetic markers persisted in wild populations for many generations. Crop-to-wild gene flow with other wild sunflower species is far less likely due to infertility barriers and non-overlapping ranges. Field experiments with H. annuus demonstrated that F1 crop-wild hybrids typically produced fewer viable seeds than wild plants, but this disadvantage varied among plants, regions, and growing conditions, and diminished with further backcrossing. Thus, the F1 generation is not a strong barrier to introgression of transgenes into wild populations. Little is known about how introgressed transgenes will affect the population dynamics of wild plants, but we suspect that release from insect damage and disease pressure will sometimes enhance the survivorship, competitive ability, and lifetime seed production of wild sunflowers, perhaps causing them to become more invasive. Our current research focuses on the ecological effects of insect seed predators and other pests in an effort to anticipate effects of transgenes for insect resistance in wild populations of H. annuus (transgenic sunflowers have not yet been marketed in the USA).
منابع مشابه
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